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SEI—Seebeck Effect Imaging

 

How SEI Works
  • Optical beam with wavelength below the semiconductor bandgap locally heats integerated circuit (IC).
  • Thermal gradients in IC create Seebeck (thermal electric) voltages.

  • Digital record of voltage versus scanner position produces SEI image.

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SEI Applications
  • Localization of open conductors.
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SEI (left) and reflected-light images of an open conductor, 10th European Symposium on Reliability of Electron Devices, Failure Physics and Analysis, 991-996 (1999)

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